Git

Git is a free and open source distributed version control system. Git's collaboration model gives every developer their own copy of the repository, complete with its own local history and branch structure.

Git is designed to give each developer an entirely isolated development environment. This means that information is not automatically passed back and forth between repositories. Instead, developers need to manually pull upstream commits into their local repository or manually push their local commits back up to the central repository.

Git tutorials Atlassian.com   Git book documentation book git-scm.com

$ mkdir repo
$ cd repo
#create a file
$ touch file.php

to initialize a Git repository just cd into your project folder. git init creates a .git subdirectory in the project root.

$ git init
$ git status

the git clone command copies an existing Git repository.

$ git clone repo

working dir → staging (index) → .git dir (repository)

add commit

git add and git commit record versions of a project into the repository's history.

to tell Git to start tracking changes we first need to add it to the staging area.

#add the list of files
$ git add file.php file2.php 
#add all files in current dir
$ git add *.php

the files listed here are in the Staging Area, and they are not in our repository yet. To store our staged changes we run the commit command with a message. Saved changes are called commits.

$ git commit -m "first commit hello"
$ git status

push pull

the push command will transfer commits from your local repo to a remote repo (origin repo on GitHub).

the name of our remote is origin and the default local branch name is master.

$ git push -u origin master

we can check for changes on our GitHub repository and pull down any new changes.

$ git pull origin master

Git setup

[x] Windows Explorer integration
         [ ] Git bash here
         [ ] Git GUI here
     (x) use Git Bash only  

$ git config --global user.name "Susie Smith"
$ git config --global user.email "susie@gmail.com"
$ git config --list

Git Immersion

setup line ending pref.

$ git config --global core.autocrlf input (Win: true instead of input)
$ git config --global core.safecrlf true